CD can affect any part of the digestive tract from the mouth to the anus. However, in 1913, Dalziel gave a remarkable accurate description of the disease. It was named Crohn’s disease after the name of the first author. It is called reverse ileitis or backwash ileitis, when inflammation of the entire colon extends to the terminal ileum as well.Ĭrohn, Ginsberg and Oppenheimer described ileitis as a pathological and clinical entity different from intestinal tuberculosis in 1932. If the inflammation extends proximal from the rectum to at least the hepatic flexure (sometimes defined as beyond the splernic flexure), it is termed pancolitis or total colitis. When the inflammation does not extend beyond the descending colon, it is called left-sided colitis. When the inflammation is confined to the rectum, the condition is called proctitis. Microscopic changes show edema and congestion of mucosa, infiltration of lymphocytes, plasma cells and polymorphonuclear granulocytes, crypt abscresses, crypt architecture distortion, and ulceration. The colonic inflammation is usually superficial, continues diffusely and often begins in the rectum. It is an inflammatory process confined to the colon in all instances, which presents itself clinically with bloody diarrhea, mucus in the stools, abdominal pain, and weight loss. The chronic inflammatory bowel diseases include two distinet entities, ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD), although there is a small group of patients with an intermediate form. When none of these causes are identified, a group of diseases with unknown etiology remains which are called chronic inflammatory bowel deseases (IBD). Several cause exist for inflammation of the gut such as infection, toxin, autoimmune reaction, radiation and ischemia.

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